Social Sustainability
Vertical Farming
Growing crops in stacked layers indoors under LED light — year-round, pesticide-free, near cities, at high energy cost.
Definition
Vertical farming is the production of crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled-environment buildings — hydroponic or aeroponic systems under LED lighting, with climate, nutrients and water precisely managed. It achieves extreme land and water efficiency (yielding many times more per square metre, using up to 95% less water than field production), year-round output, no pesticides and city-adjacent location; its binding constraint is energy for lighting, which dominates both cost and carbon footprint.
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