Governance & Policy
UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
The 1992 Rio treaty on biodiversity — conservation, sustainable use and benefit-sharing — and custodian of the Kunming-Montreal Framework.
Definition
The Convention on Biological Diversity is the international treaty adopted at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, with near-universal membership (the United States notably absent), pursuing three objectives: conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resources. Its protocols cover biosafety (Cartagena) and access and benefit-sharing (Nagoya); its current strategic plan is the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (2022), with the headline targets of protecting 30% of land and sea by 2030.
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