Climate & Environment
Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry
Anastas and Warner's twelve design principles for chemistry that prevents waste, hazard and energy waste at the molecular level.
Definition
The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry, articulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner (1998), are the design framework for sustainable chemistry: prevent waste rather than treat it; maximise atom economy; design less hazardous syntheses; design safer chemicals; use safer solvents; increase energy efficiency; use renewable feedstocks; avoid derivatives; use catalysis; design for degradation; use real-time analysis for pollution prevention; and minimise accident potential. They are the field's constitution — adopted by the ACS Green Chemistry Institute and embedded in education and industry practice.
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