Climate & Environment
Tier 1–5 Energy Access
The World Bank's multi-tier framework measuring energy access by what households can actually do, not just whether a wire arrives.
Definition
The Tier 1–5 framework — the World Bank/ESMAP Multi-Tier Framework — measures electricity access across six tiers (0 to 5) based on the attributes of supply: capacity available, duration (daily and evening hours), reliability, affordability, legality and safety. A bare connection supplying a few hours of light might be Tier 1; full, reliable, affordable service is Tier 5. The framework replaces the binary "connected or not" definition with a ladder of service quality.
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