Climate & Environment
State of Charge (SOC)
The level of charge in a battery relative to its capacity, expressed as a percentage — the fuel gauge of energy storage.
Definition
State of charge is the amount of energy currently stored in a battery expressed as a percentage of its nominal capacity — 100% full, 0% empty. It is the central parameter of battery management: SOC estimation (by coulomb counting, voltage correlation or model-based methods) governs charging limits, range prediction in electric vehicles and dispatch decisions in grid storage, and operating within defined SOC windows extends battery life.
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