Climate & Environment
Spillover Effect
Effects of an activity or intervention that spread beyond its immediate target — positive or negative, intended or not.
Definition
A spillover effect is an impact of an activity or intervention experienced by parties outside its direct scope: knowledge spillovers from innovation, demand effects rippling through supply chains, conservation benefits leaking beyond protected area boundaries, or negative spillovers such as displaced deforestation (leakage), pollution crossing borders, or demand rebound. In impact evaluation, spillovers determine whether measured effects are attributable net benefits or partly displaced from elsewhere.
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