Sustainability & AI

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)

Grounding a language model's answers in retrieved documents, used to tie AI outputs to verified sources.

Established · Editorial draft · Last reviewed 21 Aug 2026

Definition

An architecture that grounds a language model's outputs in documents retrieved at query time, so answers draw on specified sources rather than model memory alone.

Quick reference

At a glance

Subject
Sustainability & AI
Editorial status
Editorial draft
Definition status
Established
Last updated
21 August 2026
Also known as
retrieval-augmented generation

References

NeurIPS 2020 / arXivLewis et al. — Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks

This source provides part of the technical or institutional basis for the definition.

NISTAI RMF Generative AI Profile (NIST AI 600-1, 2024)

This source supports the explanation of how the term is applied, measured or governed in practice.

Overview

What it means

Introduced by Meta AI researchers in 2020 for knowledge-intensive tasks, RAG pairs a search index with a generator: the system fetches relevant passages, then writes an answer conditioned on them. This makes sources inspectable and updatable without retraining.

How it is used

RAG is the standard pattern for AI tools over corporate sustainability knowledge: querying a company's own reports, regulatory libraries or product data with citations. It reduces — but does not remove — the risk of unsupported statements, since retrieval can miss or generation can distort.

Why it matters

For evidence-based fields, RAG changes AI from an oracle into a research assistant that shows its sources. That traceability is what makes generative AI usable in defensible sustainability analysis and disclosure work.

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Classification
Established
Review stage
Editorial draft
What the classifications mean

This term is classified as Established

EstablishedCurrentMultiple definitionsContestedEmergingIndexed