Sustainability Language

Regulation & International Instruments

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

The 1992 Rio treaty committing its 196 Parties to conserve biodiversity, use it sustainably, and share the benefits of genetic resources fairly.

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Definition

The Convention on Biological Diversity is a multilateral environmental agreement opened for signature at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit and in force since 29 December 1993, with near-universal membership. Its three objectives are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. Protocols include the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000/2003) and the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing (2010/2014).

References

Overview

What it means

The global legal backbone for biodiversity policy, under which national strategies, protected-area targets and benefit-sharing rules are negotiated.

How it is used

Parties adopt decisions at the Conference of the Parties (COP), including the 2022 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework with its 30x30 target; national biodiversity strategies and action plans (NBSAPs) are its main implementation vehicle.

Why it matters

It is the reference treaty for almost every biodiversity term in this dictionary — protected areas, access and benefit-sharing, ecosystem approach and ecosystem restoration.

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